Cardiac Arrest: What You Need to Know

What is Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest is a sudden heart emergency where the heart stops beating. Because blood flow to the brain and body stops, this condition is life-threatening. Sudden cardiac arrest can happen without warning. In many cases, quick action is needed to save a life. According to the American Heart Association, cardiac arrest is different from a heart attack. While a heart attack is caused by blocked blood flow, cardiac arrest is when the heart’s electrical system fails. Both non-interventional and interventional cardiology experts treat this condition.

Common Symptoms

Cardiac arrest often happens fast. However, some warning signs may appear before it occurs. Early symptoms can help you act quickly. Watch for these signs:

  • Sudden collapse or fainting
  • No pulse or heartbeat
  • No breathing or gasping for air
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sometimes, people may feel very tired or weak before cardiac arrest. But often, there is no warning at all.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Many things can cause cardiac arrest. Most often, it is due to a problem with the heart’s electrical system. This can lead to an irregular heartbeat, called arrhythmia. Other causes include:

  • Coronary artery disease
  • Heart attack
  • Heart failure
  • Severe blood loss or shock
  • Inherited heart conditions
  • Drug overdose or poisoning
  • Severe electrolyte imbalance
  • Several risk factors increase the chance of sudden cardiac arrest. For example, having a family history of heart disease, smoking, high blood pressure, or diabetes raises your risk. Age, obesity, and lack of exercise also play a role.

    How Cardiac Arrest is Diagnosed

    Doctors diagnose cardiac arrest based on symptoms and a physical exam. If someone collapses and has no pulse, cardiac arrest is likely. In the hospital, doctors may use tests such as:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check heart rhythm
  • Blood tests to find heart damage or other causes
  • Imaging tests like echocardiogram or chest X-ray
  • After emergency care, doctors may do more tests to find out why cardiac arrest happened. This helps guide future treatment and prevention.

    Treatment Options

    Immediate treatment is critical for cardiac arrest. Every second counts. If you see someone collapse, call emergency services right away. Then, start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) if you know how. Early CPR can double or triple survival chances, according to the CDC. If available, use an automated external defibrillator (AED) to restart the heart.

    In the hospital, doctors may use:

  • Advanced CPR and defibrillation
  • Medications to support the heart
  • Procedures like angioplasty or stent placement
  • Implantable devices, such as a defibrillator, for future protection
  • Both non-interventional and interventional cardiology teams work together for the best care.

    Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

    While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk of cardiac arrest. Try these tips:

  • Eat a heart-healthy diet
  • Exercise regularly, but check with your doctor first
  • Quit smoking and avoid tobacco
  • Manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes
  • Limit alcohol use
  • Get regular check-ups with your doctor
  • Learn CPR and how to use an AED
  • In addition, talk to your doctor about your family history and personal risk factors. Early action can save lives.

    When to Seek Emergency Help

    If you see someone collapse, do not wait. Call emergency services right away. Look for these signs of sudden cardiac arrest:

  • No response when spoken to or touched
  • No breathing or only gasping
  • No pulse
  • Start CPR immediately if you are trained, and use an AED if one is nearby. Quick emergency response offers the best chance for survival. If you suspect cardiac arrest, call emergency services right away. For personalized advice, consult a cardiologist at Neha Shine Hospital.